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Sir Frederick Wilfrid Scott Stokes, KBE (9 April 1860 – 7 February 1927) [1] was the inventor in 1915 of the Stokes Mortar, which saw extensive use in the latter half of the First World War and was one of the first truly portable mortars. Stokes was born on 9 April 1860 in Liverpool, the son of Scott Nasmyth Stokes, a school inspector. [2]
The Stokes mortar was a simple weapon, consisting of a smoothbore metal tube fixed to a base plate (to absorb recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount. When a mortar bomb was dropped into the tube, an impact sensitive primer in the base of the bomb would make contact with a firing pin at the base of the tube, and ignite the propellant charge in the base, launching the bomb towards the target.
Mk. II vaned HE bomb of Brandt's type for 3-inch Stokes mortar. In 1915, about the same time when English civil engineer Wilfred Stokes turned to developing trench mortars for the troops, French applied artist, silversmith and ironsmith Edgar Brandt did the same while serving in the French Army.
It was not until the Stokes mortar was devised by Sir Wilfred Stokes in 1915 during the First World War that the modern mortar transportable by one person was born. In the conditions of trench warfare , there was a great need for a versatile and easily portable weapon that could be manned by troops under cover in the trenches.
Different propellant charges were used to achieve required range, angle of descent and flight time. This is typical of mortars and howitzers. (Provisional) Range Table For 3-Inch Stokes Mortar, Printed in September 1917.
Stokes mortar; V. Vickers 1.57-inch mortar This page was last edited on 19 February 2024, at 07:19 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution ...
The 4.2 in (107 mm) chemical mortar was developed from the British World War I-era 4 inch (101.6 mm) Stokes mortar. The Stokes mortar could fire twenty shells per minute and had a range of 1,100 yards (1,000 m) and in this way was capable of overwhelming enemy trenches. The American-built M1 4.2 inch (107 mm) mortar, first introduced in 1924 ...
The Ordnance ML 3-inch mortar was the United Kingdom's standard mortar used by the British Army from the early 1930s to the late 1960s, superseding the Stokes mortar. Initially handicapped by its short range compared to similar Second World War mortars, improvements of the propellant charges enabled it to be used with great satisfaction by ...
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