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In some languages, assigning a value to an element of an array automatically extends the array, if necessary, to include that element. In other array types, a slice can be replaced by an array of different size, with subsequent elements being renumbered accordingly – as in Python's list assignment A [5:5] = [10,20,30] , that inserts three new ...
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Generics are a facility of generic programming that were added to the Java programming language in 2004 within version J2SE 5.0. They were designed to extend Java's type system to allow "a type or method to operate on objects of various types while providing compile-time type safety". [1]
In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed. It is a kind of lazy evaluation that refers specifically to the instantiation of objects or other resources.
However, in the generic programming approach, each data structure returns a model of an iterator concept (a simple value type that can be dereferenced to retrieve the current value, or changed to point to another value in the sequence) and each algorithm is instead written generically with arguments of such iterators, e.g. a pair of iterators ...
/* This class has two type variables, T and V. T must be a subtype of ArrayList and implement Formattable interface */ public class Mapper < T extends ArrayList & Formattable, V > {public void add (T array, V item) {// array has add method because it is an ArrayList subclass array. add (item);}}
Any sequence supporting operations back (), push_back (), and pop_back can be used to instantiate stack (e.g. vector, list, and deque). Associative containers: unordered collections set: a mathematical set; inserting/erasing elements in a set does not invalidate iterators pointing in the set.
An example would be a static method to sum the values of all the variables of every instance of a class. For example, if there were a Product class it might have a static method to compute the average price of all products. A static method can be invoked even if no instances of the class exist yet.