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Penguins use their whole heads to stroke, in a motion referred to as "wiping". [14] Birds regularly fluff up their plumage and repeatedly shake their bodies while preening. Experiments have shown that the shaking action can "rezip" a majority of split feather barbules. [27] Birds cannot use their beaks to apply preen oil to their own heads.
The crested penguins are all similar in appearance, having sharply delineated black and white plumage with red beaks and prominent yellow crests. Their calls are more complex than those of other species, with several phrases of differing lengths. [9] The royal penguin (mostly) has a white face, while other species have black faces.
Highly adapted for life in the ocean water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch with their bills and swallow whole while swimming. A penguin has a spiny tongue and powerful jaws to grip slippery prey.
Emperor penguins inhabit the compacted ice along the coast of Antarctica with some colonies established up to 11 miles inland. Unlike a number of other penguin species that may visit the continent ...
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One study found that about 60 percent of the mass of stomach contents from Snares penguins consisted of krill, 30 percent was fish, and about 10 percent was cephalopods. The researchers concluded that the number of fish otoliths and cephalopod beaks indicated the importance of these types of prey to adult penguins while at sea. [9]
Some characteristics that differentiate them from the other penguins are their red eyes, orange beak, pink webbed feet, and the yellow and black spiky feathers they have on their head. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] Although their yellow and black spiky feathers differentiate them from other penguins, rockhopper penguin chicks do not have them; these feathers ...
If penguins produce a second clutch of eggs in a season once the first chicks have fledged, this is known as double brooding. [32] Thus far this behaviour has only been observed in the Eudyptula novaehollandiae , the lineage of little blue penguins which inhabit Australian and Otago regions.