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Russula is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. They are typically common, fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors.
Russula emetica, commonly known as the sickener, emetic russula, or vomiting russula, is a basidiomycete mushroom, and the type species of the genus Russula.It has a red, convex to flat cap up to 8.5 cm (3.3 in) in diameter, with a cuticle that can be peeled off almost to the centre.
A 2008 molecular phylogenetic study clarified the relationships among the mushroom-forming species of the family. [15] The authors demonstrated the existence of four distinct lineages of gilled mushrooms, which led to the description of Multifurca as a new genus separated from Russula [15] and the segregation of Lactifluus from Lactarius. [16] [17]
The mushroom is a poor bioaccumulator of the toxic heavy metals arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and nickel. [53] Biologically active mushroom polysaccharides have been a frequent research topic in recent decades due to their possible stimulatory effect on innate and cell-mediated immune responses, antitumor activities, and other activities. [54]
Russula brevipes was initially described by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1890, from specimens collected in Quogue, New York. [3] It is classified in the subsection Lactaroideae, a grouping of similar Russula species characterized by having whitish to pale yellow fruit bodies, compact and hard flesh, abundant lamellulae (short gills), and the absence of clamp connections.
The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North Western Europe. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-39935-X. Lindsey, J.K. "Russula paludosa". Ecology of Commanster. Garnweidner, Edmund (1994). Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and Europe. Collins. ISBN 978-0-261-67406-6.
Russula cyanoxantha, commonly known as the charcoal burner or variegated russula, [1] is a basidiomycete mushroom. It can be confused for a number of other members of its genus. It can be confused for a number of other members of its genus.
The species was first described scientifically by American mycologist Howard James Banker in 1913. [2] Italian Pier Andrea Saccardo placed the species in the genus Hydnum in 1925, [3] while Walter Henry Snell and Esther Amelia Dick placed it in Calodon in 1956; [4] Hydnum peckii (Banker) Sacc. and Calodon peckii Snell & E.A. Dick are synonyms of Hydnellum peckii.