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In accounting, a basis of accounting is a method used to define, recognise, and report financial transactions. [1] The two primary bases of accounting are the cash basis of accounting, or cash accounting, method and the accrual accounting method. A third method, the modified cash basis, combines elements of both accrual and cash accounting.
An accounting information system (AIS) is a system of collecting, storing and processing financial and accounting data that are used by decision makers.An accounting information system is generally a computer-based method for tracking accounting activity in conjunction with information technology resources.
A chart of accounts (COA) is a list of financial accounts and reference numbers, grouped into categories, such as assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses, and used for recording transactions in the organization's general ledger.
Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting (OCBOA) in United States accounting refers to a system of accounting other than GAAP. As explained in the Journal of Accountancy , [ 1 ] under Statement on Auditing Standards (United States) No. 62, Special Reports , an OCBOA is any one of:
Financial analysts often assess the following elements of a firm: Profitability - its ability to earn income and sustain growth in both the short- and long-term. A company's degree of profitability is usually based on the income statement, which reports on the company's results of operations;
Accounting research is carried out both by academic researchers and by practicing accountants.Academic accounting research addresses all areas of the accounting profession, and examines issues using the scientific method; it uses evidence from a wide variety of sources, including financial information, experiments, computer simulations, interviews, surveys, historical records, and ethnography.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to accounting: . Accounting – measurement, statement or provision of assurance about financial information primarily used by managers, investors, tax authorities and other decision makers to make resource allocation decisions within companies, organizations, and public agencies.
The System of National Accounts (often abbreviated as SNA; formerly the United Nations System of National Accounts or UNSNA) is an international standard system of national accounts, the first international standard being published in 1953. [1] Handbooks have been released for the 1968 revision, the 1993 revision, and the 2008 revision. [2]