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Nasal surgery is a specialty including the removal of nasal obstruction that cannot be achieved by medication and nasal reconstruction. Currently, it comprises four approaches, namely rhinoplasty, septoplasty, sinus surgery, and turbinoplasty, targeted at different sections of the nasal cavity in the order of their external to internal positions.
To plan, map, and execute the surgical correction of a nasal defect or deformity, the structure of the external nose is divided into nine aesthetic nasal subunits, and six aesthetic nasal segments, which provide the plastic surgeon with the measures for determining the size, extent, and topographic locale of the nasal defect or deformity.
Before surgery all important landmarks and reference points must be identified and marked. Important landmarks are the hairline, frown lines, location of the supratrochlear vessels, outline of the defect, nasal and lip subunits. [1] Then templates are made using the intact side of the nose to make a precise symmetric reconstruction of the nose.
It can be caused by anatomical factors such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps (growths), as well as infection. Symptoms include difficulty breathing through the nose, swelling and pain around the nose and eyes, postnasal drainage down the throat, and difficulty sleeping. [10] CRS is a common condition in children and young adults. [11]
The major symptoms of ENS include a sensation of suffocation, nasal dryness, nasal burning, nasal crusting, and an impaired sense of airflow through the nose in patients who have had surgery or injury to nasal turbinates. [13] ENS can greatly reduce a patient's quality of life and many patients struggle to complete activities of daily living.
The septal nasal cartilage is also the main structure that provides the orientation of the nose, being the midline structure of the organ. With an offset septal nasal cartilage, the nose will appear crooked to the viewer. A crooked nose can block airflow coming from the nares to the lungs or vice versa. [4]
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Illustration of an Ankle Stirrup Splint Finger splint. Ankle stirrup – Used for the ankles. [2] Finger splints – Used for the fingers. A "mallet" or baseball finger is a rupture of the extensor tendon and sometimes including a fracture. While surgery may be necessary such an injury may heal if placed in a finger splint. [3] Nasal splint [4]