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It is generally characterized by inflamed and easily collapsible airways, obstruction to airflow, problems exhaling, and frequent medical clinic visits and hospitalizations. Types of obstructive lung disease include asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung. [5] Symptoms typically include a chronic cough with mucus production. [3] Other symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and chest pain. [2] Wheezing and nail clubbing may also occur. [2] Those with the disease often get lung ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
High flow oxygen may be harmful in those with an acute exacerbation of COPD. In the prehospital environment those given high flow O 2 rather than titrating their O 2 saturations to 88% to 92% had worse outcomes. [14] In specific circumstances high flow oxygen however can be beneficial. [15] Antibiotics and steroids appear useful in mild to ...
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are all obstructive lung diseases characterised by airway obstruction.This limits the amount of air that is able to enter alveoli because of constriction of the bronchial tree, due to inflammation.
Other causes of similar symptoms include asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, and COPD. [2] [4] A chest X-ray may be useful to detect pneumonia. [4] Another common sign of bronchitis is a cough lasting ten days to three weeks. If the cough lasts longer than a month, it may become chronic bronchitis. In addition, a fever may be present.
Patients are usually labeled as having COPD without an underlying cause. It is estimated that about 1% of all COPD patients actually have an A1AT deficiency. Testing is recommended in those with COPD, unexplained liver disease, unexplained bronchiectasis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis or necrotizing panniculitis. [10]
Symptoms include shortness of breath, weakness, fever, coughing and fatigue. [3] A routine chest X-ray is not always necessary for people who have symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection. [4] Influenza affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. [citation needed]
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