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Junks in Guangzhou, photograph c. 1880 by Lai Afong. A junk (Chinese: 船; pinyin: chuán) is a type of Chinese sailing ship characterized by a central rudder, an overhanging flat transom, watertight bulkheads, and a flat-bottomed design. [1] [2] They are also characteristically built using iron nails and clamps. [1]
The Keying was a Chinese ship that employed a junk sailing rig. Scale model of a Tagalog outrigger ship with junk sails from Manila, 19th century. The junk rig, also known as the Chinese lugsail, Chinese balanced lug sail, or sampan rig, is a type of sail rig in which rigid members, called battens, span the full width of the sail and extend the sail forward of the mast.
A Chinese Song dynasty naval river ship with a Xuanfeng traction-trebuchet catapult on its top deck, taken from an illustration of the Wujing Zongyao (1044 AD). One of the oldest known Chinese books written on naval matters was the Yuejueshu (Lost Records of the State of Yue) of 52 AD, attributed to the Han dynasty scholar Yuan Kang. [1]
The largest junks (5,000 liao) may have had a hull length twice that of a Quanzhou ship (1,000 liao), [30] Liuhe, Taicang is 68 m (223.1 ft). [14] However, the usual Chinese trading junks pre-1500 was around 20–30 m (65.6–98.4 ft) long, with the length of 30 m (98.4 ft) only becoming the norm after 1500 CE.
[b] The junks mounted 7 to 11 guns of various calibre from 4- to 12-pounders. [13] [14] The ship fired a Congreve rocket that struck a junk near the admiral, which a British officer described as follows: The Nemesis (right background) destroying Chinese war junks in Anson's Bay during the First Opium War, 7 January 1841 (by Edward Duncan)
Zheng Zhilong had adapted European technology throughout his maritime career, decking his ships with European cannons and mercenaries, and in 1633 he had built a new fleet of 30 ships [11] according to European designs: whereas most Chinese junks held at most eight smaller cannons, Zheng's new ships had two reinforced gundecks that could hold up to thirty-six large guns, shooting out of ...
[6] According to a Chinese account by Wei Yuan, "five of our war-ships went to preserve order on the sea-board" and "the English mistook our red flags for a declaration of war, and opened fire;—for in Europe a red flag means war, and a white one peace." [7] One Chinese fire raft immediately sank, and a war junk exploded after its magazine was ...
Keying (Chinese: 耆 英, p Qíyīng) was a three-masted, 800-ton Fuzhou Chinese trading junk which sailed from China around the Cape of Good Hope to the United States and Britain between 1846 and 1848. Her voyage was significant as it was one of the earliest instances of a Chinese sailing vessel making a transoceanic journey to the Western world.