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In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".
The following shows the basic code of the object pool design pattern implemented using C#. For brevity the properties of the classes are declared using C# 3.0 automatically implemented property syntax. These could be replaced with full property definitions for earlier versions of the language.
create an empty container (constructor); insert objects into the container; delete objects from the container; delete all the objects in the container (clear); access the objects in the container; access the number of objects in the container (count). Containers are sometimes implemented in conjunction with iterators.
Stop-and-copy garbage collection in a Lisp architecture: [1] Memory is divided into working and free memory; new objects are allocated in the former. When it is full (depicted), garbage collection is performed: All data structures still in use are located by pointer tracing and copied into consecutive locations in free memory.
The standard query operator API also specifies certain operators that convert a collection into another type: [3] AsEnumerable: Statically types the collection as an IEnumerable<T>. [4] AsQueryable: Statically types the collection as an IQueryable<T>. ToArray: Creates an array T[] from the collection. ToList: Creates a List<T> from the collection.
An ephemeron is a key-value pair, where the key is the object that the ephemeron guards, notifying the system when that object is collectable, and the value can be any data associated with the object such as a property list, and which may be empty.
In computer programming, tracing garbage collection is a form of automatic memory management that consists of determining which objects should be deallocated ("garbage collected") by tracing which objects are reachable by a chain of references from certain "root" objects, and considering the rest as "garbage" and collecting them.
null: An empty value; bool: Boolean values; string: Unicode text literals; list: Ordered heterogeneous collection of Ion values; struct: Unordered collection of key/value pairs; The nebulous JSON 'number' type is strictly defined in Ion to be one of int: Signed integers of arbitrary size; float: 64-bit IEEE binary-encoded floating point numbers