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In Java, a foreach-construct was introduced in Java Development Kit ... [14] the "For-Each Loop", [15] and the "foreach statement". ... Map (higher-order function ...
However, Java 1.8 added the capability for default interface implementations and it added to the Map interface default implementations of some new methods getOrDefault(Object, V), forEach(BiConsumer), replaceAll(BiFunction), computeIfAbsent(K, Function), computeIfPresent(K, BiFunction), compute(K,BiFunction), and merge(K, V, BiFunction).
Therefore, compilers will attempt to transform the first form into the second; this type of optimization is known as map fusion and is the functional analog of loop fusion. [2] Map functions can be and often are defined in terms of a fold such as foldr, which means one can do a map-fold fusion: foldr f z . map g is equivalent to foldr (f .
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
Moreover, C++11 allows foreach loops to be applied to any class that provides the begin and end functions. It's then possible to write generator-like classes by defining both the iterable methods (begin and end) and the iterator methods (operator!=, operator++ and operator*) in the same class. For example, it is possible to write the following ...
The hash function in Java, used by HashMap and HashSet, is provided by the Object.hashCode() method. Since every class in Java inherits from Object , every object has a hash function. A class can override the default implementation of hashCode() to provide a custom hash function more in accordance with the properties of the object.
a There is no special construct, since the while function can be used for this. a There is no special construct, but users can define general loop functions. a The C++11 standard introduced the range-based for. In the STL, there is a std::for_each template function which can iterate on STL containers and call a unary function for each element. [22]
AirConcurrentMap is a Java ConcurrentNavigableMap implementation. It features: Faster than JDK Maps for medium to large size. This is patent-pending. Better memory efficiency than all standard Java library Maps above about 1K Entries. A proprietary parallel Map scan is faster than that for Java 1.8. forEach is faster than for Java 1.8 Maps.