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  2. SN2 reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN2_reaction

    The reaction most often occurs at an aliphatic sp 3 carbon center with an electronegative, stable leaving group attached to it, which is frequently a halogen (often denoted X). The formation of the C–Nu bond, due to attack by the nucleophile (denoted Nu), occurs together with the breakage of the C–X bond.

  3. Stereocenter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereocenter

    Two enantiomers of a generic amino acid at the stereocenter. In stereochemistry, a stereocenter of a molecule is an atom (center), axis or plane that is the focus of stereoisomerism; that is, when having at least three different groups bound to the stereocenter, interchanging any two different groups creates a new stereoisomer.

  4. Stereoselectivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoselectivity

    In chemistry, stereoselectivity [1] is the property of a chemical reaction in which a single reactant forms an unequal mixture of stereoisomers during a non-stereospecific creation of a new stereocenter or during a non-stereospecific transformation of a pre-existing one. [2]

  5. Chirality (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(chemistry)

    In the achiral molecules, X and Y (with no subscript) represent achiral groups, whereas X R and X S or Y R and Y S represent enantiomers. Note that there is no meaning to the orientation of an S 2 axis, which is just an inversion. Any orientation will do, so long as it passes through the center of inversion.

  6. Diastereomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer

    Diastereomers differ from enantiomers in that the latter are pairs of stereoisomers that differ in all stereocenters and are therefore mirror images of one another. [3] Enantiomers of a compound with more than one stereocenter are also diastereomers of the other stereoisomers of that compound that are not their mirror image (that is, excluding ...

  7. Möbius transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Möbius_transformation

    Two points z, z ∗ are conjugate with respect to a line, if they are symmetric with respect to the line. Two points are conjugate with respect to a circle if they are exchanged by the inversion with respect to this circle. The point z ∗ is conjugate to z when L is the line determined by the vector based upon e iθ, at the point z 0.

  8. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophilic_aromatic...

    Aromatic rings are usually nucleophilic, but some aromatic compounds do undergo nucleophilic substitution. Just as normally nucleophilic alkenes can be made to undergo conjugate substitution if they carry electron-withdrawing substituents, so normally nucleophilic aromatic rings also become electrophilic if they have the right substituents.

  9. Riemann sphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere

    In other words, (almost) every point in the Riemann sphere has both a value and a value, and the two values are related by = /. The point where ξ = 0 {\displaystyle \xi =0} should then have ζ {\displaystyle \zeta } -value " 1 / 0 {\displaystyle 1/0} "; in this sense, the origin of the ξ {\displaystyle \xi } -chart plays the role of ∞ ...

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