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Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2]
As an example, a measured particulates concentration of 200 mg/m 3 in a dry gas that has a measured 8 volume % CO 2 is: 200 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) = 300 mg/m 3. when corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference CO 2 content of 12 volume %.
Note that for different gasses, the value of H n differs, according to the molar mass M: It is 10.9 for nitrogen, 9.2 for oxygen and 6.3 for carbon dioxide. The theoretical value for water vapor is 19.6, but due to vapor condensation the water vapor density dependence is highly variable and is not well approximated by this formula.
Xchanger Inc, webpage Calculator for SCFM, NM3/hr, lb/hr, kg/hr, ACFM & M3/hr gas flows. onlineflow.de, webpage Online calculator for conversion of volume, mass and molar flows (SCFM, MMSCFD, Nm3/hr, kg/s, kmol/hr and more) ACFM versus SCFM for ASME AG-1 HEPA Filters; SCFM (Standard CFM) vs. ACFM (Actual CFM) (Specifically for air flows only)
Mass; system unit unit-code symbol or abbrev. notes sample default conversion combinations SI: kilogram: kg kg 1.0 kg (2.2 lb) kg lb. kg lb st; kg st. kg st lb; gram: g g
For example, the conversion factor between a mass fraction of 1 ppb and a mole fraction of 1 ppb is about 4.7 for the greenhouse gas CFC-11 in air (Molar mass of CFC-11 / Mean molar mass of air = 137.368 / 28.97 = 4.74). For volume fraction, the suffix "V" or "v" is sometimes appended to the parts-per notation (e.g. ppmV, ppbv, pptv).
Conversion of units is the conversion of the unit of measurement in which a ... the NO x concentration of 10 ppm v converts to mass flow rate of 24.63 grams ...
For example, IUPAC has, since 1982, defined standard reference conditions as being 0 °C and 100 kPa (1 bar), in contrast to its old standard of 0 °C and 101.325 kPa (1 atm). [2] The new value is the mean atmospheric pressure at an altitude of about 112 metres, which is closer to the worldwide median altitude of human habitation (194 m).