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  2. Externality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality

    Examples of positive production externalities. Beekeepers' hives of bees can help pollinate the surrounding crops, which is a positive production externality. A beekeeper who keeps the bees for their honey. A side effect or externality associated with such activity is the pollination of surrounding crops by the bees. The value generated by the ...

  3. Merit good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit_good

    When consumed, a merit good creates positive externalities (an externality being a third party/spill-over effect of the consumption or production of the good/service). This means that there is a divergence between private benefit and public benefit when a merit good is consumed (i.e. the public benefit is greater than the private benefit).

  4. Market failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_failure

    Externalities can be positive or negative depending on how a good/service is produced or what the good/service provides to the public. Positive externalities tend to be goods like vaccines, schools, or advancement of technology. They usually provide the public with a positive gain. Negative externalities would be like noise or air pollution.

  5. Endogenous growth theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endogenous_growth_theory

    The engine for growth can be as simple as a constant return to scale production function (the AK model) or more complicated set ups with spillover effects (spillovers are positive externalities, benefits that are attributed to costs from other firms), increasing numbers of goods, increasing qualities, etc. [citation needed]

  6. Marginal cost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_cost

    Positive Externalities of Production. When the marginal social cost of production is less than that of the private cost function, there is a positive externality of production. Production of public goods is a textbook example of production that creates positive externalities.

  7. Spillover (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillover_(economics)

    Negative Externalities in supply and demand schedule. For positive externalities, see the diagram below. Note there are no social costs (negative externalities) that have been excluded from the private cost as there is a single cost line. In this case, social benefit (MSB) exceeds private benefit (MPB). [8]

  8. Public good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_good

    The production of public goods results in positive externalities which are not remunerated. If private organizations do not reap all the benefits of a public good which they have produced, their incentives to produce it voluntarily might be insufficient.

  9. Coase theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coase_theorem

    In law and economics, the Coase theorem (/ ˈ k oʊ s /) describes the economic efficiency of an economic allocation or outcome in the presence of externalities.The theorem is significant because, if true, the conclusion is that it is possible for private individuals to make choices that can solve the problem of market externalities.