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Standard utility functions represent ordinal preferences. The expected utility hypothesis imposes limitations on the utility function and makes utility cardinal (though still not comparable across individuals). Although the expected utility hypothesis is standard in economic modeling, it is violated in psychological experiments.
The utility function u(c) is defined only up to positive affine transformation – in other words, a constant could be added to the value of u(c) for all c, and/or u(c) could be multiplied by a positive constant factor, without affecting the conclusions. An agent is risk-averse if and only if the utility function is concave.
Consider the portfolio allocation problem of maximizing expected exponential utility [] of final wealth W subject to = ′ + (′) where the prime sign indicates a vector transpose and where is initial wealth, x is a column vector of quantities placed in the n risky assets, r is a random vector of stochastic returns on the n assets, k is a vector of ones (so ′ is the quantity placed in the ...
A single-attribute utility function maps the amount of money a person has (or gains), to a number representing the subjective satisfaction he derives from it. The motivation to define a utility function comes from the St. Petersburg paradox: the observation that people are not willing to pay much for a lottery, even if its expected monetary gain is infinite.
A multi-utility representation (MUR) of a relation is a set U of utility functions, such that : (). In other words, A is preferred to B if and only if all utility functions in the set U unanimously hold this preference. The concept was introduced by Efe Ok.
The welfare maximization problem is an optimization problem studied in economics and computer science.Its goal is to partition a set of items among agents with different utility functions, such that the welfare – defined as the sum of the agents' utilities – is as high as possible.
Three trajectories of CIR processes. In mathematical finance, the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) model describes the evolution of interest rates.It is a type of "one factor model" (short-rate model) as it describes interest rate movements as driven by only one source of market risk.
If the axes depicting coconut collection and leisure are reversed and plotted with Crusoe's indifference map and production function, [1] figure 2 can be drawn: Figure 2: The Robinson Crusoe economy's production function and indifference curves. The production function is concave in two dimensions and quasi-convex in three dimensions. This ...