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The cursive form ϑ was retained by Unicode as U+03D1 ϑ GREEK THETA SYMBOL, separate from U+03B8 θ GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA. (There is also U+03F4 ϴ GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL .) For the purpose of writing Greek text, the two can be font variants of a single character, but θ and ϑ are also used as distinct symbols in technical and ...
English has borrowed many words from Greek, including a vast number of scientific terms. Where the original Greek had the letter θ (theta), English usually retained the Late Greek pronunciation regardless of phonetic environment, resulting in the presence of /θ/ in medial position (anthem, methyl, etc.).
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is θ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is T. The IPA symbol is the lowercase Greek letter theta , which is used for this sound in post-classical Greek , and the sound is thus often referred to as " theta ".
English also uses th to represent the voiced dental fricative /ð/, as in father. This unusual extension of the digraph to represent a voiced sound is caused by the fact that, in Old English, the sounds [θ] and [ð] stood in allophonic relationship to each other and so did not need to be rigorously distinguished in spelling.
The dental fricative or interdental fricative is a fricative consonant pronounced with the tip of the tongue pressing under the teeth. [1] There are several types (those used in English being written as th):
The symbol ϵ (U+03F5) is designated specifically for the lunate form, used as a technical symbol. The symbol ϑ ("script theta") is a cursive form of theta (θ), frequent in handwriting, and used with a specialized meaning as a technical symbol. The symbol ϰ ("kappa symbol") is a cursive form of kappa (κ), used as a technical symbol.
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
Throughout Wikipedia, the pronunciation of words is indicated using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The following tables list the IPA symbols used for English words and pronunciations. Please note that several of these symbols are used in ways that are specific to Wikipedia, and differ from those used by dictionaries.