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2. Chemiluminescence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiluminescence

   Chemiluminescence kites, [17] emergency lighting, glow sticks [18] (party decorations). Combustion analysis: Certain free radical species (such as • CH and • OH) give off radiation at specific wavelengths. The heat release rate is calculated by measuring the amount of light radiated from a flame at those wavelengths.

3. Glow stick - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glow_stick

   Glow sticks are used by police, fire, and emergency medical services as light sources, similar to their military applications. Often, emergency rescue crews will hand out glow sticks in order to keep track of people at night, who may not have access to their own lighting.

4. Luminescence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminescence

   Luminol and haemoglobin, an example of chemiluminescence UV-photoluminescence in microbiological diagnostics. Luminescence is a spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment.

5. Candoluminescence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candoluminescence

   Candoluminescence is the light given off by certain materials at elevated temperatures (usually when exposed to a flame) that has an intensity at some wavelengths which can, through chemical action in flames, be higher than the blackbody emission expected from incandescence at the same temperature. [1]

6. Candlepower - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candlepower

   The majority redefined the candle in term of an electric lamp with a carbon filament. The Germans, however, dissented and decided to use a definition equal to 9/10 of the output of a Hefner lamp . In 1921, the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (International Commission for Illumination, commonly referred to as the CIE) redefined the ...

7. Candela - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela

   The 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) redefined the candela in 2018. [10] [11] The new definition, which took effect on 20 May 2019, is: The candela [...] is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, [a] K cd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W −1, which is equal to cd sr W −1 ...

8. Luminescence dating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminescence_dating

   The age range of luminescence dating methods extends from a few years [5] to over one million years for red TL. [ 6 ] Since the early applications of luminescence dating in the 1960/1970s, the field has received growing attention in the scientific community, with more than 3500 publications per year and >200 laboratories across the globe in 2020.

9. Flameless candle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flameless_candle

   Flameless candles display flickering light, simulating real flames. As a decorative element, the design of a flameless candle is relatively versatile. The body or "housing" of the device is commonly cylindrical, containing a battery pack and an often flame-shaped LED lamp atop the candle. Many manufactures use LED lights with a sporadic ...