Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Indeterminacy in measurement was not an innovation of quantum mechanics, since it had been established early on by experimentalists that errors in measurement may lead to indeterminate outcomes. By the later half of the 18th century, measurement errors were well understood, and it was known that they could either be reduced by better equipment ...
Ab initio quantum chemistry methods are a class of computational chemistry techniques based on quantum chemistry that aim to solve the electronic Schrödinger equation. [1] Ab initio means "from first principles" or "from the beginning", meaning using only physical constants [ 2 ] and the positions and number of electrons in the system as input.
Circuit implementing the swap test between two states | and | The swap test is a procedure in quantum computation that is used to check how much two quantum states differ, appearing first in the work of Barenco et al. [ 1 ] and later rediscovered by Harry Buhrman , Richard Cleve , John Watrous , and Ronald de Wolf . [ 2 ]
Random errors are errors in measurement that lead to measurable values being inconsistent when repeated measurements of a constant attribute or quantity are taken. Random errors create measurement uncertainty. Systematic errors are errors that are not determined by chance but are introduced by repeatable processes inherent to the system. [3]
In quantum mechanics, a density matrix (or density operator) is a matrix that describes an ensemble [1] of physical systems as quantum states (even if the ensemble contains only one system).
A statically indeterminate structure can only be analyzed by including further information like material properties and deflections. Numerically, this can be achieved by using matrix structural analyses, finite element method (FEM) or the moment distribution method ( Hardy Cross ) .
Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables (+) = + + (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...
The silver concentration in the test sample is the x-intercept of the plot. The dilution factor is multiplied by this initial concentration to determine the original concentration. Matrix effects occur even with methods such as plasma spectrometry, which have a reputation for being relatively free from interferences. As such, analyst would use ...