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  2. Asynclitic birth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynclitic_birth

    Intrapartum ultrasonography is regularly used during pregnancy to constantly monitor the fetal position within the mother's belly. [6] The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice Guidelines recommend the use of intrapartum ultrasound to diagnose asynclitic births during prolonged and obstructed labors. [7]

  3. Fetal scalp blood testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_scalp_blood_testing

    The use of fetal scalp blood testing originated in Germany in 1961 and required 0.25 mL of blood drawn from the fetus. [1] As one of the first methods of monitoring fetal wellbeing during labor, there were many disadvantages including the need for at least 3 cm dilation of the mother and extreme precision from the physician performing the procedure. [9]

  4. EXIT procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EXIT_procedure

    The EXIT procedure, or ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure, is a specialized surgical delivery procedure used to deliver babies who have airway compression. [1] Causes of airway compression in newborn babies result from a number of rare congenital disorders, including bronchopulmonary sequestration, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, mouth or neck tumor such as teratoma, and lung ...

  5. Cardiotocography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiotocography

    A saltatory pattern of fetal heart rate is defined in cardiotocography (CTG) guidelines by FIGO as fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline amplitude changes of more than 25 beats per minute (bpm) with a duration of >30 minutes. [25] [27]

  6. Fetal scalp stimulation test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_scalp_stimulation_test

    A firm digital pressure on head or a gentle pinch of fetal head with atraumatic clamp is used for stimulation. An acceleration of the fetal heart rate of 15 bpm lasting at least 15 seconds is suggestive of normal fetal outcome.

  7. Fetal head - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_head

    The fetal head, from an obstetrical viewpoint, and in particular its size, is important because an essential feature of labor is the adaptation between the fetal head and the maternal bony pelvis. Only a comparatively small part of the head at term is represented by the face.

  8. Cephalic presentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalic_presentation

    In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]

  9. Face and neck development of the human embryo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_and_neck_development...

    The face and neck development of the human embryo refers to the development of the structures from the third to eighth week that give rise to the future head and neck.They consist of three layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which form the mesenchyme (derived form the lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm), neural crest and neural placodes (from the ectoderm). [1]