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Individuals with TEC have a median age of presentation of 18–26 months; however, the disorder may occur in infants younger than 6 months and in children as old as age 10 years. Because of the gradual onset of the anemia, children are often healthier than expected from their low hemoglobin levels. [citation needed]
Anemia of prematurity (AOP) refers to a form of anemia affecting preterm infants [1] with decreased hematocrit. [2] AOP is a normochromic, normocytic hypoproliferative anemia. The primary mechanism of AOP is a decrease in erythropoietin (EPO), a red blood cell growth factor.
Anemia: Anemia is related to numerous and/or consecutive treatments and/or large extracorporeal circuits that reduces the hemoglobin levels in pediatric patients. [2] [3] Hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transport in the blood. [2] Pediatric considerations to reduce incidence of anemia: Close monitoring of hemoglobin levels. [3]
Family history of jaundice and anemia, family history of neonatal or early infant death due to liver disease, maternal illness suggestive of viral infection (fever, rash or lymphadenopathy), maternal drugs (e.g. sulphonamides, anti-malarials causing red blood cell destruction in G6PD deficiency) are suggestive of pathological jaundice in neonates.
Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]
Iatrogenic anemia, also known as nosocomial anemia or hospital-acquired anemia, is a condition in which a person develops anemia due to medical interventions, most frequently repeated blood draws. [1] [2] [4] Other factors that contribute to iatrogenic anemia include bleeding from medical procedures and dilution of the blood by intravenous ...
Congenital hemolytic anemia (CHA) is a diverse group of rare hereditary conditions marked by decreased life expectancy and premature removal of erythrocytes from blood flow. Defects in erythrocyte membrane proteins and red cell enzyme metabolism , as well as changes at the level of erythrocyte precursors, lead to impaired bone marrow ...
Anemia, especially iron-deficient anemia, is a critical problem for cognitive developments in children, and its presence leads to maternal deaths and poor brain and motor development in children. [2] The development of anemia affects mothers and children more because infants and children have higher iron requirements for growth. [118]