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Some studies have shown that although DDE levels have fallen dramatically, eggshell thickness remains 10–12 percent thinner than before DDT was first used. [ 15 ] Some studies have indicated that DDE is an endocrine disruptor [ 16 ] and contributes to breast cancer , but more recent studies provide strong evidence that there is no ...
A comparison of the structures of the natural estrogen hormone estradiol (left) and one of the nonyl-phenols (right), a xenoestrogen endocrine disruptor. Endocrine disruptors, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents, [1] endocrine disrupting chemicals, [2] or endocrine disrupting compounds [3] are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormonal) systems. [4]
Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and acaricide, which acts by blocking the GABA-gated chloride channel of the insect (IRAC group 2A). [2] It became highly controversial [3] due to its acute toxicity, potential for bioaccumulation, and role as an endocrine disruptor.
An 1880 penny-farthing (left), and a 1886 Rover safety bicycle with gearing. In business theory, disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances. [1]
Although the term "insect growth disruptor" more accurately describes the actions of IGRs, it did not become widely used. [1] IGRs encompass chemical classes with three modes of action ( mechanisms of action ): juvenile hormone analogs, chitin synthesis inhibitors, and ecdysone receptor agonists.
The drug methotrexate (bottom) is an antimetabolite that interferes with the metabolism of folic acid (top). An antimetabolite is a chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite, which is another chemical that is part of normal metabolism. [1]
This is a list of chemotherapeutic agents, also known as cytotoxic agents or cytostatic drugs, that are known to be of use in chemotherapy for cancer.This list is organized by type of agent, although the subsections are not necessarily definitive and are subject to revision.
Proline acts as a structural disruptor in the middle of regular secondary structure elements such as alpha helices and beta sheets; however, proline is commonly found as the first residue of an alpha helix and also in the edge strands of beta sheets.