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Treatments depend on the patient, the type of kidney stone and several other factors. These include: Surgical intervention. Some patients may need surgery to remove kidney stones or to help them pass.
The American Urological Association (AUA) is a professional association in the United States for urology professionals. [1] It has its headquarters at the William P. Didusch Center for Urologic History in Maryland. AUA works with many international organizations, representing urologists from across the world.
Kidney stones are primarily composed of calcium salts, with the most common being calcium oxalate (70-80%), followed by calcium phosphate and uric acid. When urine contains high concentrations of these ions, they can form crystals and eventually stones. [41] The formation of kidney stones occurs in three main phases: [41]
Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are a relatively common and particularly painful disorder. A chronic condition can result in scars to the kidneys. The removal of kidney stones involves ultrasound treatment to break up the stones into smaller pieces, which are then passed through the urinary tract. One common symptom of kidney stones is a sharp ...
Cystinuria is usually asymptomatic when no stone is formed. However, once a stone is formed, signs and symptoms can occur: [1] Nausea; Flank pain; Hematuria; Urinary tract infections; Rarely, acute or chronic kidney disease; People with cystinuria pass stones monthly, weekly, or daily, and need ongoing care.
The renal pelvis is the location of several kinds of kidney cancer and is affected by infection in pyelonephritis. [citation needed] A large "staghorn" kidney stone may block all or part of the renal pelvis. The size of the renal pelvis plays a major role in the grading of hydronephrosis.
Human gallstones, all removed from one patient. Grid scale 1 mm. Calculi in the inner ear are called otoliths; Calculi in the urinary system are called urinary calculi and include kidney stones (also called renal calculi or nephroliths) and bladder stones (also called vesical calculi or cystoliths).
Nephrology is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function (renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation).