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Penaeus monodon, commonly known as the giant tiger prawn, [1] [2] Asian tiger shrimp, [3] [4] black tiger shrimp, [5] [6] and other names, is a marine crustacean that is widely reared for food. Tiger prawns displayed in a supermarket
Feeding experiments show that P. monodon post-larvae can be infected by the HPV carried by Artemia, which implies the risk of rearing system contamination. [17] Parents-offspring transmissions are both reported by aquaculture farms in China and India, confirming the vertical transmission of HPV. [18] [19]
From these eggs hatch zoeae, the first larval stage of crustaceans. They go through several larval stages in brackish water before metamorphosing into postlarvae, at which stage they are 0.28–0.39 in (7.1–9.9 mm) long and resemble adults. [5] This metamorphosis usually takes place about 32 to 35 days after hatching. [5]
William Elford Leach erected the genus Megalopa in 1813 for a post-larval crab; a copepod post-larva is called a copepodite; a barnacle post-larva is called a cypris; a shrimp post-larva is called a parva; a hermit crab post-larva is called a glaucothoe; a spiny lobster / furry lobsters post-larva is called a puerulus and a slipper lobster post ...
Larvae are the feeding and growing stages and periodically undergo hormone-induced ecdysis, developing further with each instar, until they undergo the final larval–pupal moult. The larvae of many lepidopteran species will either make a spun casing of silk called a cocoon and pupate inside it, or will pupate in a cell under the ground.
[18] [19] Once an immature host is located, Arrenurus larvae loosely bind to their integument, and monitor them until the adult emerges. Host muscle contractions just prior to emergence stimulate mite larvae to move towards the ecdysial opening and attach to the host along intersegmental sutures on their thorax and abdomen.
The "arms" or tubercles can fall off without harming the caterpillar, aiding the larva in defense. The larvae are 1.5–2.5 centimetres (0.59–0.98 in) in length. [1] [2] It is solitary and is not a very significant agricultural threat, but it is a common sight in orchards.
A commercial preparation containing diflubenzuron is sold under the trade name Adept and is used as an insect growth regulator designed to kill fungus gnat larvae in commercial greenhouses. [5] [6] It is applied to infected soil and will kill fungus gnat larvae for 30–60 days from a single application. Although it is targeted at fungus gnat ...