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294.1x Dementia due to Huntington's disease (coded 294.1 in the DSM-IV) 294.1x Dementia due to Pick's disease (coded 290.10 in the DSM-IV) 294.1x Dementia due to Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (coded 290.10 in the DSM-IV) 294.1x Dementia due to ... [Indicate the general medical condition not listed above] (coded 294.1 in the DSM-IV) 294.8 Dementia NOS
Dementia refers to a large class of disorders characterized by the progressive deterioration of thinking ability and memory as the brain becomes damaged. Dementia can be categorized as reversible (e.g. thyroid disease) or irreversible (e.g. Alzheimer's disease). [12] Currently, there are more than 35 million people with dementia worldwide.
A normal brain on the left and a late-stage Alzheimer's brain on the right. During the final stage, known as the late-stage or severe stage, there is complete dependence on caregivers. [19] [33] [41] Language is reduced to simple phrases or even single words, eventually leading to complete loss of speech.
It is less severe than logorrhea and may be associated with the middle stage in dementia. [1] It is, however, more severe than circumstantial speech, in which the speaker wanders but eventually returns to the topic. [3] Some adults with right hemisphere brain damage may exhibit behavior that includes tangential speech. [4]
Alzheimer's disease is related to semantic dementia, which both have similar symptoms. The main difference between the two being that Alzheimer's is categorized by atrophy to both sides of the brain while semantic dementia is categorized by loss of brain tissue in the front portion of the left temporal lobe. [16]
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an early onset disorder that mostly occurs between the ages of 45 and 65, [13] but can begin earlier, and in 20–25% of cases onset is later. [11] [14] Men and women appear to be equally affected. [15] It is the most common early presenting dementia. [16]
The hallmark symptom of LATE is a progressive memory loss that predominantly affects short-term and episodic memory. [1] This impairment is often severe enough to interfere with daily functioning and usually remains the chief neurologic deficit, unlike other types of dementia in which non-memory cognitive domains and behavioral changes might be noted earlier or more prominently. [1]
Similar to the NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria are the DSM-IV-TR criteria published by the American Psychiatric Association. [3] At the same time the advances in functional neuroimaging techniques such as PET or SPECT that have already proven their utility to differentiate Alzheimer's disease from other possible causes, [4] have led to proposals of revision of the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria that ...