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Hubble's law, also known as the Hubble–Lemaître law, [1] ... The landscape of H0 measurements around 2021, with the 2018 results from CMB measurements highlighted ...
Even light itself does not have a "velocity" of c in this sense; the total velocity of any object can be expressed as the sum = + where is the recession velocity due to the expansion of the universe (the velocity given by Hubble's law) and is the "peculiar velocity" measured by local observers (with = ˙ () and = ˙ (), the dots indicating a ...
The Hubble parameter can change over time if other parts of the equation are time dependent (in particular the mass density, the vacuum energy, or the spatial curvature). Evaluating the Hubble parameter at the present time yields Hubble's constant which is the proportionality constant of Hubble's law.
Our best measurement, as of 2013, for the Hubble parameter is h = 0.6780 ± 0.0077 from the Planck mission. In early 2011 it was 0.704 +0.013 −0.014 from WMAP 7-year data. [1] See Hubble's law#Determining the Hubble constant for the most recent value of H 0.
The most powerful telescope to be launched into space has made history by detecting a record number of new stars in a distant galaxy. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, history's largest and most ...
In the era of cosmic inflation, the Hubble parameter is also thought to be constant, so the expansion law of the dark-energy-dominated era also holds for the inflationary prequel of the big bang. The cosmological constant is given the symbol Λ, and, considered as a source term in the Einstein field equation, can be viewed as equivalent to a ...
The metaphorical clock measures how close humanity is to self-destruction, because of nuclear disaster, climate change, AI and misinformation.
where is the Hubble constant, is the proper distance, is the object's recessional velocity, and is the object's peculiar velocity. The recessional velocity of a galaxy can be calculated from the redshift observed in its emitted spectrum. One application of Hubble's law is to estimate distances to galaxies based on measurements of their ...