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In the UK, the market abuse directive (MAD) was implemented in 2003 to reduce market abuse. It applied to any financial instrument admitted to trading on a regulated market or in respect of which a request for admission to trading had been made. MAD was subsequently replaced by the Market Abuse Regulation (MAR) in 2016. [3]
Regulation No 548/2012/EU known as European Market infrastructure Regulation (EMIR): sets out rules regarding over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts, central counterparties and trade repositories. The main aim is to preserve stability in financial markets through risk mitigation and the introduction of new transparency requirements.
Council Regulation 1638/98 made changes to the organisation of the olive oil market in the EU. [5] See Unión de Pequeños Agricultores; Council Regulation (EC) 2679/98 of 7 December 1998, on the functioning of the internal market in relation to the free movement of goods among the Member States, was aimed at preventing obstacles to the free movement of goods attributable to "action or ...
The Market Abuse Directive (MAD) is a European Union (EU) legislation that aims to prevent and detect market abuse in the financial markets. It was enacted in 2003 and later revised in 2014, making it a key component of the EU's efforts to regulate and maintain fair and transparent financial markets.
The Product Liability Directive 1985 was the first consumer protection measure. It creates strict enterprise liability for all producers and retailers for any harm to consumers from products, as a way to promote basic standards of health and safety. [4]
The Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/1277) is a statutory instrument in the United Kingdom made under the European Communities Act 1972. It came into force on 26 May 2008. It is effectively the successor to the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 (c. 29), which it largely repeals.
The CMA also has consumer protection responsibilities and take on new digital markets regulation responsibilities in late 2024 under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024. [5] The CMA alongside the European Commission, the United States Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission, is a globally important antitrust ...
The 2003 "Modernisation Regulation" (Regulation 1/2003) has meant that the European Commission no longer has a monopoly on enforcement, and that private parties may bring suits in national courts. Hence, there has been debate over the legitimacy of private damages actions in traditions that shy from imposing punitive measures in civil actions.