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Eugen Goldstein (/ ˈ ɔɪ ɡ ən / OY-gən, German: [ˈɔʏɡeːn ˈɡɔlt.ʃtaɪn, ˈɔʏɡn̩-]; 5 September 1850 – 25 December 1930) was a German physicist.He was an early investigator of discharge tubes, the discoverer of anode rays or canal rays, later identified as positive ions in the gas phase including the hydrogen ion.
They were first observed in 1859 by German physicist Julius Plücker and Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, [1] and were named in 1876 by Eugen Goldstein Kathodenstrahlen, or cathode rays. [2] [3] In 1897, British physicist J. J. Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle, which was later named the ...
Goldstein called these positive rays Kanalstrahlen, "channel rays", or "canal rays", because these rays passed through the holes or channels in the cathode. The process by which anode rays are formed in a gas-discharge anode ray tube is as follows.
1886: Discovery of anode rays by Eugen Goldstein [445] 1887: Discoveries of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect and radio waves by Heinrich Hertz [446] 1887: First parabolic antenna by Heinrich Hertz [447] 1893–1896: Wien approximation (1896) [448] and Wien's displacement law (1893) [449] by Wilhelm Wien
Crookes X-ray tube from around 1910 Another Crookes x-ray tube. The device attached to the neck of the tube (right) is an "osmotic softener". When the voltage applied to a Crookes tube is high enough, around 5,000 volts or greater, [16] it can accelerate the electrons to a high enough velocity to create X-rays when they hit the anode or the glass wall of the tube.
1886 Eugen Goldstein produced anode rays; 1887 Heinrich Hertz discovers the photoelectric effect; 1894 Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay discover argon by spectroscopically analyzing the gas left over after nitrogen and oxygen are removed from air; 1895 William Ramsay discovers terrestrial helium by spectroscopically analyzing gas produced by ...
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (27 March 1824 – 28 November 1914) was a German physicist who was born in Bonn and died in Münster, Germany.. Hittorf was the first to compute the electricity-carrying capacity of charged atoms and molecules (), an important factor for understanding electrochemical reactions.
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