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The buds are hairy. The dark green leaves are bitter-aromatic, with crenate margins. [3] [6] The stalked follicles are green and then turn red [6] through deep blue through black. [3] [7] Flowers are dioecious, with yellow-green petals. [8] Flowers appear as umbrella-like clusters from 2–12 in small terminal to axillary umbellate clusters.
The fruit is a drupe 6–10 mm (1 ⁄ 4 – 3 ⁄ 8 in) diameter, bright red at first, quickly maturing deep purple or black, and containing a yellow pulp, and two or three hard, smooth, olive-green or black seeds. [10] [11]
The leaves are 8 to 13 centimetres (3–5 in) long and 5 to 8 centimetres (2–3 in) wide, and are thick, firm, dark green, shining above, and paler green below when full grown. In autumn they turn bright yellow. The leaf axils contain formidable spines which when mature are about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) long.
Plants flower late fall into winter in the Deep south, and mid-winter in cooler regions. The yellow blossoms stand in elegant, upright sprays atop the foliage and attract a variety of pollinators.
Rhamnus cathartica is a deciduous, dioecious shrub or small tree growing up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall, with grey-brown bark and often thorny branches. The leaves are elliptic to oval, 25–90 mm (1– 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long and 12–35 mm (1 ⁄ 2 – 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) broad; they are green, turning yellow in autumn, have toothed margins, and are arranged somewhat variably in opposite to ...
The fruit is a globose red drupe 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) in diameter, which often persists on the branches long into the winter, giving the plant its English name. Like most hollies, it is dioecious, with separate male and female plants; the proximity of at least one male plant is required to pollenize the females in order to bear fruit. [8 ...
Both ethanolic and water extracts showed effects on MRSA. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of these plants ranged from 30.4-37.0 μg/ml and 18.2-24.0 μg/ml respectively. A high MBS value was found in two plants and the other four contained traceable amounts of anthraquinones.
Barbarea vulgaris, also called wintercress (usual common name), or alternatively winter rocket, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, yellow rocket, wound rocket, herb barbara, creases, or creasy greens, is a biennial herb of the genus Barbarea, belonging to the family Brassicaceae.