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If a pop operation on the stack causes the stack pointer to move past the origin of the stack, a stack underflow occurs. If a push operation causes the stack pointer to increment or decrement beyond the maximum extent of the stack, a stack overflow occurs. Some environments that rely heavily on stacks may provide additional operations, for example:
In each step, it chooses a transition by indexing a table by input symbol, current state, and the symbol at the top of the stack. A pushdown automaton can also manipulate the stack, as part of performing a transition. The manipulation can be to push a particular symbol to the top of the stack, or to pop off the top of the stack.
For example, Perl and Ruby allow pushing and popping an array from both ends, so one can use push and shift functions to enqueue and dequeue a list (or, in reverse, one can use unshift and pop), [2] although in some cases these operations are not efficient. C++'s Standard Template Library provides a "queue" templated class which is restricted ...
A push operation decrements the pointer and copies the data to the stack; a pop operation copies data from the stack and then increments the pointer. Each procedure called in the program stores procedure return information (in yellow) and local data (in other colors) by pushing them onto the stack.
The Love2D library which uses the Lua programming language implements channels with push and pop operations similar to stacks. The pop operation will block so as long as there is data resident on the stack. A demand operation is equivalent to pop, except it will block until there is data on the stack
(In the examples that follow, a, b, and c are (direct or calculated) addresses referring to memory cells, while reg1 and so on refer to machine registers.) C = A+B 0-operand (zero-address machines), so called stack machines: All arithmetic operations take place using the top one or two positions on the stack: [9] push a, push b, add, pop c.
After processing all the input, the stack contains 56, which is the answer.. From this, the following can be concluded: a stack-based programming language has only one way to handle data, by taking one piece of data from atop the stack, termed popping, and putting data back atop the stack, termed pushing.
Registers 2 and 3 are used for parameter passing and return values; Registers 4 and 5 are also used for parameter passing; Register 6 is used for parameter passing, and must be saved and restored by the callee; Registers 7 through 13 are for use by the callee, and must be saved and restored by them; Register 14 is used for the return address