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Hypoaldosteronism causes low sodium (hyponatremia), high potassium (hyperkalemia), and metabolic acidosis, a condition in which the body produces excess acid.These conditions are responsible for the symptoms of hypoaldosteronism, which include muscle weakness, nausea, palpitations, irregular heartbeat, and abnormal blood pressure.
Generally, the symptoms manifest through the systemic effects of cortisol and aldosterone. [2] [3] In secondary and tertiary adrenal insufficiency, there is no effect on the production of aldosterone within the zona glomerulosa as this process is regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), not ACTH. [3]
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, [4] is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency.
Hence, ADH activity effectively dilutes the blood (decreasing the concentrations of solutes such as sodium), causing hyponatremia; this is compounded by the fact that the body responds to water retention by decreasing aldosterone, thus allowing even more sodium wasting. For this reason, a high urinary sodium excretion will be seen.
Hypoaldosteronism is a clinical condition marked by either an aldosterone deficiency or impaired tissue-level action of the hormone. Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II conversion, adrenal aldosterone synthesis and secretion, abnormal target tissue response to aldosterone, and renal renin production and secretion are all potential causes of the ...
Clinical manifestations of adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency are similar to those of primary adrenal insufficiency, except for cutaneous hyperpigmentation and electrolyte disturbances. [2] Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, anorexia, unintentional weight loss, and hypoglycemia.
Adrenal crisis; Other names: Acute adrenal insufficiency, Addisonian crisis, Acute adrenal failure. [1]49-year-old male with an adrenal crisis. Appearance, showing lack of facial hair, dehydration, Queen Anne's sign (panel A), pale skin, muscular and weight loss, and loss of body hair (panel B).
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is characterized by the body's inability to respond adequately to aldosterone, a hormone crucial for regulating electrolyte levels. This condition often manifests with dehydration as the kidneys struggle to retain sufficient salt, leading to symptoms like increased thirst and dry mouth.