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Kruskal's algorithm [1] finds a minimum spanning forest of an undirected edge-weighted graph.If the graph is connected, it finds a minimum spanning tree.It is a greedy algorithm that in each step adds to the forest the lowest-weight edge that will not form a cycle. [2]
These algorithms find the minimum spanning forest in a possibly disconnected graph; in contrast, the most basic form of Prim's algorithm only finds minimum spanning trees in connected graphs. However, running Prim's algorithm separately for each connected component of the graph, it can also be used to find the minimum spanning forest. [9]
A planar graph and its minimum spanning tree. Each edge is labeled with its weight, which here is roughly proportional to its length. A minimum spanning tree (MST) or minimum weight spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted undirected graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight. [1]
In an undirected graph G(V, E) and a function w : E → R, let S be the set of all spanning trees T i. Let B(T i) be the maximum weight edge for any spanning tree T i. We define subset of minimum bottleneck spanning trees S′ such that for every T j ∈ S′ and T k ∈ S we have B(T j) ≤ B(T k) for all i and k. [2]
The Aldous-Broder algorithm also produces uniform spanning trees. However, it is one of the least efficient maze algorithms. [2] Pick a random cell as the current cell and mark it as visited. While there are unvisited cells: Pick a random neighbour. If the chosen neighbour has not been visited:
Borůvka's algorithm is a greedy algorithm for finding a minimum spanning tree in a graph, or a minimum spanning forest in the case of a graph that is not connected. It was first published in 1926 by Otakar Borůvka as a method of constructing an efficient electricity network for Moravia .
In graph theory, Edmonds' algorithm or Chu–Liu/Edmonds' algorithm is an algorithm for finding a spanning arborescence of minimum weight (sometimes called an optimum branching). [1] It is the directed analog of the minimum spanning tree problem.
By explicitly constructing the complete graph on n vertices, which has n(n-1)/2 edges, a rectilinear minimum spanning tree can be found using existing algorithms for finding a minimum spanning tree. In particular, using Prim's algorithm with an adjacency matrix yields time complexity O(n 2).