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Option (1) leads to the dark matter hypothesis; option (2) leads to MOND. The majority of astronomers, astrophysicists, and cosmologists accept dark matter as the explanation for galactic rotation curves (based on general relativity, and hence Newtonian mechanics), and are committed to a dark matter solution of the missing-mass problem. [19]
Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are hypothetical particles that are one of the proposed candidates for dark matter.. There exists no formal definition of a WIMP, but broadly, it is an elementary particle which interacts via gravity and any other force (or forces) which is as weak as or weaker than the weak nuclear force, but also non-vanishing in strength.
A strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) is a hypothetical particle that interacts strongly between themselves and weakly with ordinary matter, but could form the inferred dark matter despite this. [1] [2] [3]
Among these models are many that modify the properties of dark energy or of dark matter over time, interactions between dark energy and dark matter, unified dark energy and matter, other forms of dark radiation like sterile neutrinos, modifications to the properties of gravity, or the modification of the effects of inflation, changes to the ...
The dark matter can be modeled as a scalar field using two fitted parameters, mass and self-interaction. [4] [5] In this model the dark matter consists of an ultralight particle with a mass of ~10 −22 eV when there is no self-interaction.
Observations show that in "undisturbed" galaxy clusters the reconstructed mass from gravitational lensing is located where matter is distributed, and a separation of matter from gravitation only seems to appear after a collision or interaction has taken place. According to Ethan Siegel: "Adding dark matter makes this work, but non-local gravity ...
The chameleon is a hypothetical scalar particle that couples to matter more weakly than gravity, [1] postulated as a dark energy candidate. [2] Due to a non-linear self-interaction, it has a variable effective mass which is an increasing function of the ambient energy density—as a result, the range of the force mediated by the particle is predicted to be very small in regions of high density ...
Antimatter – Material composed of antiparticles of the corresponding particles of ordinary matter; Dark energy – Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe; Dark matter – Concept in cosmology; Gravitational interaction of antimatter – Theory of gravity on antimatter; Mirror matter – Hypothetical counterpart to ordinary ...