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  2. List of unsolved problems in economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Transformation problem: The transformation problem is the problem specific to Marxist economics, and not to economics in general, of finding a general rule by which to transform the values of commodities based on socially necessary labour time into the competitive prices of the marketplace. The essential difficulty is how to reconcile profit in ...

  3. Intangible asset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangible_asset

    Intangible assets are typically expensed according to their respective life expectancy. [2] [9] Intangible assets have either an identifiable or an indefinite useful life. Intangible assets with identifiable useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their economic or legal life, [12] whichever is shorter. Examples of intangible ...

  4. Rivalry (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivalry_(economics)

    In contrast, non-rival goods may be consumed by one consumer without preventing simultaneous consumption by others. Most examples of non-rival goods are intangible. Broadcast television is an example of a non-rival good; when a consumer turns on a TV set, this does not prevent the TV in another consumer's house from working. The television ...

  5. Shadow price - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_price

    A shadow price is the monetary value assigned to an abstract or intangible commodity which is not traded in the marketplace. [1] This often takes the form of an externality . Shadow prices are also known as the recalculation of known market prices in order to account for the presence of distortionary market instruments (e.g. quotas, tariffs ...

  6. Common good (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_good_(economics)

    Wild fish are an example of common goods. They are non-excludable, as it is impossible to prevent people from catching fish. They are, however, rivalrous, as the same fish cannot be caught more than once. Common goods (also called common-pool resources [1]) are defined in economics as goods that are rivalrous and non-excludable. Thus, they ...

  7. Intangible good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangible_good

    An intangible good is a good that does not have a physical nature, as opposed to a physical good (an object). [1] Digital goods such as downloadable music , mobile apps or virtual goods used in virtual economies are proposed to be examples of intangible goods.

  8. Excludability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excludability

    A classic example of the inefficiency caused by non-excludability is the tragedy of the commons (which Hardin, the author, later corrected to the 'tragedy of the unmanaged commons' because it is based on the notion of an entirely rule-less resource) where a shared, non-excludable, resource becomes subject to over-use and over-consumption, which ...

  9. Intangibility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangibility

    Intangibility refers to the lack of palpable or tactile property making it difficult to assess service quality. [1] [2] [3] According to Zeithaml et al. (1985, p. 33), “Because services are performances, rather than objects, they cannot be seen, felt, tasted, or touched in the same manner in which goods can be sensed.” [4] As a result, intangibility has historically been seen as the most ...