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For example, the Data General Nova minicomputer, and the Texas Instruments TMS9900 and National Semiconductor IMP-16 microcomputers, used 16-bit words, and there are many old mainframe computers that use 36-bit word addressing (such as the IBM 7090, with 15-bit word addresses, giving an address space of 2 15 36-bit words, approximately 128 ...
A pointer a pointing to the memory address associated with a variable b, i.e., a contains the memory address 1008 of the variable b. In this diagram, the computing architecture uses the same address space and data primitive for both pointers and non-pointers; this need not be the case.
This allowed a 16-bit address register, which would normally be able to access 64 KB of memory space, to access 1 MB of memory space. This segmenting of the memory space into discrete blocks with specific tasks carried over into the programming languages of the day and the concept is still widely in use within modern programming languages.
For example, the Rust programming language implements a borrow checker to ensure memory safety, [12] while C and C++ provide no memory safety guarantees. The substantial amount of software written in C and C++ has motivated the development of external static analysis tools like Coverity , which offers static memory analysis for C. [ 13 ]
A memory address a is said to be n-byte aligned when a is a multiple of n (where n is a power of 2). In this context, a byte is the smallest unit of memory access, i.e. each memory address specifies a different byte. An n-byte aligned address would have a minimum of log 2 (n) least-significant zeros when expressed in binary.
Memory locality (or data locality [3]): Spatial locality explicitly relating to memory. Branch locality: If there are only a few possible alternatives for the prospective part of the path in the spatial-temporal coordinate space. This is the case when an instruction loop has a simple structure, or the possible outcome of a small system of ...
In computer programming, thread-local storage (TLS) is a memory management method that uses static or global memory local to a thread. The concept allows storage of data that appears to be global in a system with separate threads. Many systems impose restrictions on the size of the thread-local memory block, in fact often rather tight limits.
In a system using segmentation, computer memory addresses consist of a segment id and an offset within the segment. [3] A hardware memory management unit (MMU) is responsible for translating the segment and offset into a physical address, and for performing checks to make sure the translation can be done and that the reference to that segment and offset is permitted.