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Regeneration in biology is the process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage. [1] Every species is capable of regeneration, from bacteria to humans.
The most notable components of the cell that are targets of cell damage are the DNA and the cell membrane.. DNA damage: In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as ultraviolet light and other radiations can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as one million individual molecular lesions per cell per day.
The four types of regeneration are epimorphosis, stem cell mediated regeneration, morphallaxis, and compensatory regeneration (compensatory hyperplasia). Epimorphosis occurs when other adult cells in a damaged tissue undergo dedifferentiation and then divide to form an undifferentiated mass of tissue, this new mass encompasses the mass of ...
These tissues have high rates of cell division and either concentrate or produce required growth-regulating substances including auxins and cytokinins. Shoot regeneration efficiency in tissue culture is usually a quantitative trait that often varies between plant species and within a plant species among subspecies, varieties, cultivars, or ...
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the kidney is a case in which cells heal completely by regeneration. ATN occurs when the epithelial cells that line the kidney are destroyed by either a lack of oxygen (such as in hypovolemic shock, when blood supply to the kidneys is dramatically reduced), or by toxins (such as some antibiotics, heavy metals or carbon tetrachloride).
Unlike the limited regeneration seen in adult humans, many animal groups possess an ability to completely regenerate damaged tissue. [4] Full limb regeneration is seen both in invertebrates (e.g. starfish and flatworms which can regenerate fully functioning appendages) and some vertebrates, however in the latter this is almost always confined to the immature members of the species: an example ...
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Implantation of stem cells from culture into an existing tissue structure; Implantation of stem cells into a tissue scaffold that guides restoration; Induction of residual cells of a tissue structure to regenerate the necessary body part; A salamander can not only regenerate a limb, but can regenerate the lens or retina of an eye and can ...