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Cities are also one of the most vulnerable parts of the human society to the effects of climate change, [3] and likely one of the most important solutions for reducing the environmental impact of humans. [4] [2] [3] The UN projects that 68% of the world population will live in urban areas by 2050. [5]
Urban ecology is the scientific study of the relation of living organisms with each other and their surroundings in an urban environment. An urban environment refers to environments dominated by high-density residential and commercial buildings, paved surfaces, and other urban-related factors that create a unique landscape. The goal of urban ...
Urban ecology is a relatively new field. Because of this, the research that has been done in this field has yet to become extensive. While there is still plenty of time for growth in the research of this field, there are some key issues and biases within the current research that still need to be addressed.
Cities are especially important in initiating sustainable communities because they have local authorities that “have political power and credibility to take initiatives to access and deploy resources in ways reflecting local conditions that allows them the capacity to manage and lead urban development for the good of the environment.” [4 ...
Currently most cities are heavily dependent on resources which are consumed and wasted with little consideration to their origin or their final destination. [2] Input resources such as water, food, energy and goods are imported from well beyond the cities´ boundaries to be consumed by city dwellers and discarded in the form of waste and pollution to air, water and land.
New York City's dense population and low automobile dependence help make New York among the most energy efficient in the United States. [4] The city's greenhouse gas emission levels are relatively low when measured per capita, at 7.1 metric tons per person, below San Francisco, at 11.2 metric tons, and the national average, at 24.5. [2]
Climate change is altering the geographic range and seasonality of some insects that can carry diseases, for example Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that is the vector for dengue transmission. Global climate change has increased the occurrence of some infectious diseases. Infectious diseases whose transmission is impacted by climate change include, for example, vector-borne diseases like dengue ...
The tension between economies and diseconomies allows cities to grow but keeps them from becoming too large. At the foundational level, proximity—especially to other facilities and suppliers—is a driving force behind economic growth and is one explanation for why agglomeration effects are so evident in major urban centers.