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In cases of hematinic deficiency, hematinics can be administered as medicines, in order to increase the hemoglobin content of the blood. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that stimulates erythropoiesis , which can also be given as a medicine to increase the hemoglobin content of the blood, but EPO is not classified as a hematinic as it is not ...
A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. If a hemoglobin tests shows that a person's levels are below normal, it means they have a low red blood cell count, which is known as anemia. If the test shows higher levels than normal, it means they have hemoglobinemia. [citation needed] The normal range for hemoglobin is:
Provided blood volume is maintained by volume expanders, a rested patient can safely tolerate very low hemoglobin levels, less than 1/3 that of a healthy person. The body detects the lower hemoglobin level, and compensatory mechanisms start up. The heart pumps more blood with each beat. Since the lost blood was replaced with a suitable fluid ...
Normal levels range from 2.1-3.2%, but in the beta-thalassemia disorder, the levels increase to 3.5-6.0%. Additionally, individuals with beta-thalassemia exhibit a high red cell count and low hemoglobin levels. [3] Individuals that express lower levels of hemoglobin A2, have the a 0-thalassemia trait or homozygous gene for a +-thalassemia. [2]
A blood substitute (also called artificial blood or blood surrogate) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of biological blood.It aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusion, which is transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into another.
Anemia (also spelled anaemia in British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen.This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function.
At this stage, the hemoglobin is called free hemoglobin. [3] Free hemoglobin (also called naked hemoglobin) is the un-bound hemoglobin that is not enclosed in the red blood cell. The naked hemoglobin is devoid of its anti-oxidant sentries that are normally available within the RBC. [5] Free hemoglobin is thus vulnerable to be oxidized. [5]
The test uses the principles of gel electrophoresis to separate out the various types of hemoglobin and is a type of native gel electrophoresis.After the sample has been treated to release the hemoglobin from the red cells, it is introduced into a porous gel (usually made of agarose or cellulose acetate) and subjected to an electrical field, most commonly in an alkaline medium.