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The Engels family house at Barmen (now in Wuppertal), Germany. Friedrich Engels was born on 28 November 1820 in Barmen, Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Prussia (now Wuppertal, Germany), as the eldest son of Friedrich Engels Sr. [] (1796–1860) and of Elisabeth "Elise" Franziska Mauritia van Haar (1797–1873). [6]
In Condition, Engels argues that the Industrial Revolution made workers worse off.He shows, for example, that in large industrial cities such as Salford, Manchester and Liverpool, mortality from disease (such as smallpox, measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough) was four times that in the surrounding countryside, and mortality from convulsions was ten times as high.
The increase in capital as a result of the Industrial Revolution led to increased demand for labour as a growing number of people moved to urban centres in search of employment. The large increase in urban population led to high unemployment; over 1.5 million people were unemployed in Great Britain during the early Industrial Revolution.
As the ideas of Marx and Engels took on flesh, particularly in central Europe, socialists sought to unite in an international organisation. In 1889, on the centennial of the French Revolution of 1789, the Second International was founded, with 384 delegates from 20 countries representing about 300 labour and socialist organisations. [ 149 ]
The new economy was hence obliged to disavow its own premises and recourse to hypocrisy. The premises of the economy begot the modern slavery and factory system. Engels viewed Smith's new system as a necessary advance, but also claimed that "The nearer the economists come to the present time, the further they depart from honesty."
Engels argued that the state transforms itself from a "government of people" to an "administration of things" and thus would not be a state in the traditional sense of the term. This scenario depended on Marx's view of coercive power as a tool of those who own the means of production , i.e. certain social classes (the bourgeoisie ) and the ...
In the book, Engels gave way to his views on the "grim future of capitalism and the industrial age", [12] and described in detail, street after street, the total squalor in which the working people were living. [14] The book was published in English in 1887. While writing it, Engels continued his involvement with radical journalism and politics.
By 1849, both Engels and Marx had to leave Germany and moved to London. The Prussian authorities applied pressure on the British government to expel the two men, but Prime Minister Lord John Russell refused. With only the money that Engels could raise, the Marx family lived in extreme poverty. The contributions of Marx and Engels to the ...