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Angle of incidence of an airplane wing on an airplane. On fixed-wing aircraft, the angle of incidence (sometimes referred to as the mounting angle [1] or setting angle) is the angle between the chord line of the wing where the wing is mounted to the fuselage, and a reference axis along the fuselage (often the direction of minimum drag, or where applicable, the longitudinal axis).
Decalage on a fixed-wing aircraft is a measure of the relative incidences of wing surfaces. Various sources have defined it in multiple ways, depending on context: On a biplane, decalage can refer to the angle difference between the upper and lower wings, i.e. the acute angle contained between the chords of the wings in question.
The wing is designed so that the angle of incidence is greater at the wing roots and decreases across the span, becoming lowest at the wing tip. This is usually to ensure that at stall speed the wing root stalls before the wing tips, providing the aircraft with continued aileron control and some resistance to spinning.
For example, a pitching moment comes from a force applied at a distance forward or aft of the cg, causing the aircraft to pitch up or down. A fixed-wing aircraft increases or decreases the lift generated by the wings when it pitches nose up or down by increasing or decreasing the angle of attack (AOA). The roll angle is also known as bank angle ...
Thinner incidence wires are sometimes run diagonally between fore and aft interplane struts to stop the wing twisting and changing its angle of incidence to the fuselage. [1] In some pioneer aircraft, wing bracing wires were also run diagonally fore and aft to prevent distortion under side loads such as when turning.
This is of particular concern with swept-wing aircraft, whose wingtips could hit the runway on rotation/touchdown. In military aircraft dihedral angle space may be used for mounting materiel and drop-tanks on wing hard points, especially in aircraft with low wings. The increased dihedral effect caused by this design choice may need to be ...
Lower wing plane is all-moving ailerons. ... Wing incidence could be varied in flight. [1] ... having a triplane fore wing, biplane rear wing and monoplane tail ...
Wing warping varied the incidence of the outer wing and was used by several pioneers, including initially the Wright brothers. Early examples of rigid variable-incidence wings were not particularly successful. They include the Mulliner Knyplane in 1911, the Ratmanoff monoplane in 1913 and the Pasul Schmidt biplane, also in 1913. [2]