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Political equality is only achieved when the norms, rules and procedures that govern the community afford equal consideration to all. [4] Robert Dahl believes that the ideal of democracy assumes that political equality is desirable. [5]
Egalitarianism (from French égal 'equal'), or equalitarianism, [1] [2] is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people. [3] Egalitarian doctrines are generally characterized by the idea that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or moral status. [4]
One requirement of liberal democracy is political equality amongst voters (ensuring that all voices and all votes count equally) and that these can properly influence government policy, requiring quality procedure and quality content of debate that provides an accountable result, this may apply within elections or to procedures between elections.
[5] [6] Voter enfranchisement and political participation are two key democratic ideals that ensure the engagement of citizens in the political sphere. Who has the right to suffrage has changed over the centuries and universal suffrage is necessary for a nation to be considered a democracy and not a dictatorship. [7]
Robert Alan Dahl (/ d ɑː l /; December 17, 1915 – February 5, 2014) was an American political theorist and Sterling Professor of Political Science at Yale University.. He established the pluralist theory of democracy—in which political outcomes are enacted through competitive, if unequal, interest groups—and introduced "polyarchy" as a descriptor of actual democratic governance.
The ACE Electoral Knowledge Network acknowledged the debate around a single definition before recommending the 2012 definition of the Kofi Annan Foundation: "any election that is based on the democratic principles of universal suffrage and political equality as reflected in international standards and agreements, and is professional, impartial, and transparent in its preparation and ...
Tocqueville and the Nature of Democracy (1996) Morton, F. L. "Sexual Equality and the Family in Tocqueville's Democracy in America," Canadian Journal of Political Science (1984) 17#2 pp. 309–324 in JSTOR; Schleifer, James T. The Chicago Companion to Tocqueville's Democracy in America (U of Chicago Press, 2012) Schneck, Stephen.
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state .