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A sarcomere (Greek σάρξ sarx "flesh", μέρος meros "part") is the smallest functional unit of striated muscle tissue. [1] It is the repeating unit between two Z-lines. Skeletal muscles are composed of tubular muscle cells (called muscle fibers or myofibers) which are formed during embryonic myogenesis .
It is located in the Z band of the muscle sarcomere. This protein helps to stabilize the actin filaments protecting it from assembly and disassembly. The activity regulation of this protein can be done by other regulatory proteins that bind to the actin filaments blocking the CapZ, hence allowing assembly. [5]
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Sliding filament theory: A sarcomere in relaxed (above) and contracted (below) positions. The sliding filament theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction based on muscle proteins that slide past each other to generate movement. [1]
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Tropomodulin is associated with Leiomodin as homologous proteins because both proteins play a role in muscle sarcomere thin filament formation and maintenance. [7] An ortholog that is identified with TMOD and structurally similar is UNC-94. Where the UNC-94 protein is capping on the minus end of the actin filament.
For example, collagen, found in connective tissue, bones, and cartilage, and keratin, found in nails, claws, and hair, have observed stiffnesses that are several orders of magnitude higher than that of elastin, [116] which is though to give elasticity to structures such as blood vessels, pulmonary tissue, and bladder tissue, among others.