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The adrenal medulla (Latin: medulla glandulae suprarenalis) is the inner part of the adrenal gland. [1] It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. [1] It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines, including epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and a small amount of dopamine ...
Adrenomedullary hormones are catecholamines secreted from the adrenal medulla by chromaffin cells, neurosecretory cells connected to the central nervous system. [10] The synthesis, storage (in chromaffin cells) and release of catecholamines is co-regulated by synaptic input from their respective pre-synaptic sympathetic neurons, as well as hormonal and local inputs. [11][12] The ...
The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. [1][2] They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. The adrenal cortex itself is divided into three main zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona ...
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication [10][11] which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). [10][12] It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. [13] Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata. [14] It plays an essential role in the fight-or-flight response by ...
Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. [4][5] It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands, and colon. [6] It plays a central role in the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure, plasma sodium (Na +), and potassium (K +) levels. It does so primarily by acting ...
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are innervated by the splanchnic nerve and secrete adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), some dopamine, enkephalin and enkephalin-containing peptides, and a few other hormones into the blood stream. The secreted adrenaline and noradrenaline play an important role in the sympathetic nervous system response, commonly called the fight-or ...
The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of the adrenal gland. It is divided into three separate zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis.
Like other catecholamines, noradrenaline also helps the body respond to stress and plays a role in mood and concentration. It is produced in the adrenal glands in the adrenal medulla.