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In the Northern Isles, James's cousin Patrick Stewart, Earl of Orkney, resisted the Statutes of Iona and was consequently imprisoned. [70] His natural son Robert led an unsuccessful rebellion against James, and the Earl and his son were hanged. [71] Their estates were forfeited, and the Orkney and Shetland islands were annexed to the Crown. [71]
His cousin, Murdoch Stewart (Albany's son), an English prisoner since 1402, was traded for Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, in 1416. However, Albany refused to negotiate James's release. James married Joan Beaufort, daughter of the Earl of Somerset, in February 1424, shortly before his release in April. His return to Scottish affairs ...
Most of his actions as monarch ultimately helped precipitate the English Civil War and his eventual deposition and beheading in 1649 and the declaration of the Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell. Many of today's European royalty are descendants of Charles, such as Juan Carlos I of Spain , Franz, Duke of Bavaria , Philippe of Belgium , Henri ...
At the age of 13, James made his formal entry into Edinburgh. Upon arriving he met his first cousin, the Franco-Scottish lord Esmé Stewart, about 24 years older than James, [1]: 541 whom the Puritan leader Sir James Melville described as "of nature, upright, just, and gentle".
In 1603, his brothers-in-law, Henry Brooke, Lord Cobham and George Brooke, along with Sir Walter Raleigh, were implicated in both the Bye Plot and the Main Plot, an attempt to remove King James I from the throne and replace him with his first cousin, Lady Arbella Stuart.
King James VI and I [a] 1566–1625 r. 1567–1625 (Scotland) r. 1603–1625 (England) Anne of Denmark 1574–1619 Queen of England and Ireland: John IV 1604–1656 King of Portugal: Henry Frederick 1594–1612 Prince of Wales: Elizabeth Stuart 1596–1662 Queen of Bohemia: Frederick V 1596–1632 Elector Palatine King of Bohemia: Margaret ...
James VI became King of England and Ireland as James I in 1603, when his cousin Elizabeth I died. Thereafter, although the two crowns of England and Scotland remained separate, the monarchy was based chiefly in England. Charles I, James's son, found himself faced with Civil War. The resultant conflict lasted eight years, and ended in his execution.
James was born at Montpellier as the only son of Peter II of Aragon and Marie of Montpellier. [2] As a child, James was made a pawn in the power politics of Provence, where his father was engaged in struggles helping the Cathar heretics of Albi against the Albigensian Crusade led by Simon IV de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, who were trying to exterminate them.