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In Sociology, tokenism is the social practice of making a perfunctory and symbolic effort towards the equitable inclusion of members of a minority group, especially by recruiting people from under-represented social-minority groups in order for the organization to give the public appearance of racial and gender equality, usually within a workplace or a school.
Societal racism has also been called structural racism, because, according to Carl E. James, society is structured in a way that excludes substantial numbers of people from minority backgrounds from taking part in social institutions. [2] Societal racism is sometimes referred to as systemic racism as well. [3]
The term “racial gatekeepers” describes public figures of ethnic minority backgrounds who support policies that disenfranchise marginalised groups, but manage to evade criticism for doing so ...
Racial and ethnic minorities generally lack the ability to damage the interests of whites, who remain the dominant group in the U.S. [8] [9] Claims of reverse racism tend to ignore such disparities in the exercise of power, [1] [10] [11] which most sociologists and psychologists include in their definition of racism.
Interracial marriages are often disparaged in racial minority communities as well. [16] Data from the Pew Research Center has shown that African Americans are twice as likely as white Americans to believe that interracial marriage "is a bad thing". [17] There is a considerable amount of scientific literature that demonstrates similar patterns.
Diversity, equity and inclusion programs have come under attack in boardrooms, state legislatures and college campuses across the country. Since 2023, 81 anti-DEI bills that target programs at ...
The affirmative action of the Chinese government has been called into question, especially from the ethnic group of Han Chinese. Unfair policies on Chinese college entrance exams ( Gaokao ) as well as human rights considered to be favoring the national minority have both been believed to be causing reverse discrimination in the mainland.
The Guardian credits rap culture and Black vernacular language as early pioneers of the word, with A Tribe Called Quest releasing "Vibes and Stuff" in 1991 and Quincy Jones notably launching Vibe ...