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where c is the speed of light and ε 0 the vacuum permittivity, =, e and m e the electron charge and rest mass respectively.. Stopping Power of Aluminum for Protons versus proton energy, and the Bethe formula without (red) and with corrections (blue)
The Taylor knock-out factor, also called Taylor KO factor or TKOF, is a formulaic mathematical approach for evaluating the stopping power of hunting cartridges, developed by John "Pondoro" Taylor in the middle of the 20th century.
In nuclear and materials physics, stopping power is the retarding force acting on charged particles, typically alpha and beta particles, due to interaction with matter, resulting in loss of particle kinetic energy. [1] [2] Stopping power is also interpreted as the rate at which a material absorbs the kinetic energy of a charged particle.
Stopping power is the ability of a weapon – typically a ranged weapon such as a firearm – to cause a target (human or animal) to be incapacitated or immobilized. Stopping power contrasts with lethality in that it pertains only to a weapon's ability to make the target cease action, regardless of whether or not death ultimately occurs.
As the input parameters, it needs the ion type and energy (in the range 10 eV – 2 GeV) and the material of one or several target layers. As the output, it lists or plots the three-dimensional distribution of the ions in the solid and its parameters, such as penetration depth, its spread along the ion beam (called straggle) and perpendicular to it, all target atom cascades in the target are ...
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Stopping power as a term does exist, but it's a stupid term that is situationally dependent and not measurable by any way. This whole article is a talk page about cartridge lethality. A good test for any term is to try and succinctly define and/or measure it. The definition of 'stopping power' is subjective and is very much non-quantifiable.
The first video game to use the term "perks" to refer to such a mechanic was the 1997 role-playing video game Fallout. Besides RPGs, perks have been used in various other video games in recent times, including first-person shooters such as Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare (2007), [ 10 ] Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (2009), and Killing Floor ...