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Byzantine Iconoclasm, Chludov Psalter, 9th century. [10]Christian worship by the sixth century had developed a clear belief in the intercession of saints. This belief was also influenced by a concept of hierarchy of sanctity, with the Trinity at its pinnacle, followed by the Virgin Mary, referred to in Greek as the Theotokos ("birth-giver of God") or Meter Theou ("Mother of God"), the saints ...
Religious images or icons were made in Byzantine art in many different media: mosaics, paintings, small statues and illuminated manuscripts. [1] Monasteries produced many of the illuminated manuscripts devoted to religious works using the illustrations to highlight specific parts of text, a saints' martyrdom for example, while others were used ...
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195046528. Humphreys, Mike (2021). A Companion to Byzantine Iconoclasm. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition. Vol. 99. Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004462007. Mango, Cyril (1975). Liquidation of Iconoclasm and Patriarch Photios. Routledge. Talbot, Alice-Mary (1998).
Byzantine mosaics are mosaics produced from the 4th to 15th [1] centuries in and under the influence of the Byzantine Empire. Mosaics were some of the most popular [ 2 ] and historically significant art forms produced in the empire, and they are still studied extensively by art historians. [ 3 ]
The usage of gold leaf in Byzantine artwork is indicative that the work is meant to be divine and spiritual. [14] The icon was created by incorporating egg tempera on gold leaf over a wooden panel. [4] The wood panel then is covered with gesso and linen. [4] [5] The icon has a height of 37.8 cm, a width of 31.4 cm and a depth of 5.3 cm. [4]
It is an example of Byzantine enameling. The box is dated to 843 (some scholars speculate an earlier date of 815). [1] Both dates hover around the second wave of Byzantine Iconoclasm from 814 to 842, allowing this piece to become a lens into the post iconoclastic art. These reliquaries doubled as an icon in style and purpose. The physical ...
Art and Text in Byzantium (Cambridge University Press, 2007), Introduction, and paper, '"And shall these mute stones speak?" Text as image'. Icon and Word. The power of images in Byzantium (Ashgate, 2003), editor with Antony Eastmond, and contributor, "Introduction: Icon and Word", xxix–xxxiv, and "Art and Lies: Text, image and imagination in the medieval world", 59–72.
Government-led iconoclasm began with Byzantine Emperor Leo III, who issued a series of edicts between 726 and 730 against the veneration of images. [22] The religious conflict created political and economic divisions in Byzantine society; iconoclasm was generally supported by the Eastern, poorer, non-Greek peoples of the Empire who had to ...