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Byzantine Iconoclasm, Chludov Psalter, 9th century. [10]Christian worship by the sixth century had developed a clear belief in the intercession of saints. This belief was also influenced by a concept of hierarchy of sanctity, with the Trinity at its pinnacle, followed by the Virgin Mary, referred to in Greek as the Theotokos ("birth-giver of God") or Meter Theou ("Mother of God"), the saints ...
Byzantine mosaics are mosaics produced from the 4th to 15th [1] centuries in and under the influence of the Byzantine Empire. Mosaics were some of the most popular [ 2 ] and historically significant art forms produced in the empire, and they are still studied extensively by art historians. [ 3 ]
Religious images or icons were made in Byzantine art in many different media: mosaics, paintings, small statues and illuminated manuscripts. [1] Monasteries produced many of the illuminated manuscripts devoted to religious works using the illustrations to highlight specific parts of text, a saints' martyrdom for example, while others were used ...
[1] [2] [3] [6] Trained in Venice, he infused Albanian icon painting with the artistic climate of the Italian Renaissance. [7] His works reveal a great degree of originality and ecclesiastically combined post-Byzantine and Gothic elements. [3] [2] Onufri's works played a decisive role in the following trends of Albanian art, up to the 19th ...
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195046528. Humphreys, Mike (2021). A Companion to Byzantine Iconoclasm. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition. Vol. 99. Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004462007. Mango, Cyril (1975). Liquidation of Iconoclasm and Patriarch Photios. Routledge. Talbot, Alice-Mary (1998).
Macedonian art is the art of the Macedonian Renaissance in Byzantine art style. The period in which the art was produced, the Macedonian Renaissance, followed the end of the Byzantine iconoclasm era lasting from 867-1056, concluding with the fall of the Macedonian dynasty.
The usage of gold leaf in Byzantine artwork is indicative that the work is meant to be divine and spiritual. [14] The icon was created by incorporating egg tempera on gold leaf over a wooden panel. [4] The wood panel then is covered with gesso and linen. [4] [5] The icon has a height of 37.8 cm, a width of 31.4 cm and a depth of 5.3 cm. [4]
The term originates from the Byzantine Iconoclasm, the struggles between proponents and opponents of religious icons in the Byzantine Empire from 726 to 842 AD. Degrees of iconoclasm vary greatly among religions and their branches, but are strongest in religions which oppose idolatry, including the Abrahamic religions. [3]