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Marcato (short form: Marc.; Italian for marked) is a musical instruction indicating a note, chord, or passage is to be played louder or more forcefully than the surrounding music. The instruction may involve the word marcato itself written above or below the staff or it may take the form of the symbol ∧, [1] [2] [3] an open
The tenuto sign is often used to indicate an only slightly raised dynamic level, less than a normal accent. Marcato signs typically indicate a dramatically raised dynamic level. It is important to note that these markings, especially the tenuto sign, often have different meanings in the musical notation for other instruments.
Articulation describes the forming of a tone in all its facets. This also includes loudness, timbre, intonation, and envelope characteristics. A note is accented by a sort of triangle without its base. A musician using a string instrument would accent a note by playing the string harder and with more attack creating a louder sound.
A sharper and briefer emphasis is denoted with a marcato mark ^ above the note. If a specific emphasis is required, variations of forzando/forzato, or fortepiano can be used. forzando/forzato signifies a forceful accent, abbreviated as fz. To enhance the effect, subito often precedes it as sfz (subito forzato/forzando, sforzando/sforzato).
A dynamic accent or stress accent is an emphasis using louder sound or stronger sound; typically, most pronounced on the attack of the sound. A tonic accent is an emphasis on notes by virtue of them being higher in pitch, as opposed to higher in volume. [1] An agogic accent is an emphasis by virtue of notes being longer in duration.
The marcato, ^, is the papa bear; the accent mark, >, is the momma bear; and the tenuto, -, is the baby bear, the lightest of these three degrees of dynamic accentuation. I suppose some may dispute that the horizontal line appearing above individual notes should in all musical circumstances be called a tenuto mark.
Tenuto is notated three ways: . The word tenuto written above the passage to be played tenuto.; The abbreviation ten. written above the note or passage to be played tenuto.; A horizontal line, roughly the length of a notehead, placed immediately above or below the note to be played tenuto.
Portato is a bowing technique for stringed instruments, [3] in which successive notes are gently re-articulated while being joined under a single continuing bow stroke. It achieves a kind of pulsation or undulation, rather than separating the notes.