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Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2]
As an example, a measured particulates concentration of 200 mg/m 3 in a dry gas that has a measured 8 volume % CO 2 is: 200 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) = 300 mg/m 3. when corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference CO 2 content of 12 volume %.
For some usage examples, consider the conversion of 1 SCCM to kg/s of a gas of molecular weight , where is in kg/kmol. Furthermore, consider standard conditions of 101325 Pa and 273.15 K, and assume the gas is an ideal gas (i.e., =).
The factor–label method can convert only unit quantities for which the units are in a linear relationship intersecting at 0 (ratio scale in Stevens's typology). Most conversions fit this paradigm. An example for which it cannot be used is the conversion between the Celsius scale and the Kelvin scale (or the Fahrenheit scale). Between degrees ...
For example, IUPAC has, since 1982, defined standard reference conditions as being 0 °C and 100 kPa (1 bar), in contrast to its old standard of 0 °C and 101.325 kPa (1 atm). [2] The new value is the mean atmospheric pressure at an altitude of about 112 metres, which is closer to the worldwide median altitude of human habitation (194 m).
Xchanger Inc, webpage Calculator for SCFM, NM3/hr, lb/hr, kg/hr, ACFM & M3/hr gas flows. onlineflow.de, webpage Online calculator for conversion of volume, mass and molar flows (SCFM, MMSCFD, Nm3/hr, kg/s, kmol/hr and more) ACFM versus SCFM for ASME AG-1 HEPA Filters; SCFM (Standard CFM) vs. ACFM (Actual CFM) (Specifically for air flows only)
Its units are in parts per million (ppm) for gases and in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m 3) for particulates such as dust, smoke and mist. The basic formula for converting between ppm and mg/m 3 for gases is ppm = (mg/m^3) * 24.45 / molecular weight. This formula is not applicable to airborne particles.
In fractions like "2 nanometers per meter" (2 n m / m = 2 nano = 2×10 −9 = 2 ppb = 2 × 0.000 000 001), so the quotients are pure-number coefficients with positive values less than or equal to 1. When parts-per notations, including the percent symbol (%), are used in regular prose (as opposed to mathematical expressions), they are still pure ...