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Chlorhexidine [1] is a disinfectant and antiseptic with the molecular formula C 22 H 30 Cl 2 N 10, which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to disinfect surgical instruments. [2] It is also used for cleaning wounds , preventing dental plaque , treating yeast infections of the mouth , and to keep urinary catheters from blocking. [ 3 ]
Mouthwash, mouth rinse, oral rinse, or mouth bath [1] is a liquid which is held in the mouth passively or swirled around the mouth by contraction of the perioral muscles and/or movement of the head, and may be gargled, where the head is tilted back and the liquid bubbled at the back of the mouth.
Structure of chlorhexidine, a bisbiguanide antiseptic.. Bisbiguanides are a class of chemically related compounds known for their bactericidal properties. Generally considered to be of the generic formula: R 1 R 2 N.C(:NR 6)NH.C(:NH)NH.CH 2 X--(CH 2) 3 NH.C(:NH)NH.C(:NR 7)NR 3 R 4 V. [1] These compounds include the antiseptics chlorhexidine and alexidine.
Octenidine dihydrochloride is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. [5]In vitro suspension tests with 5 minute exposure time have shown that octenidine requires lower effective concentrations than chlorhexidine to kill common bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and the yeast Candida albicans.
A review found that mouthwashes containing CPC "provide a small but significant additional benefit when compared with toothbrushing only or toothbrushing followed by a placebo rinse" in reducing plaque and gingivitis-inflammation. [3] In combination with chlorhexidine and zinc lactate, CPC has been found to be effective in treating halitosis. [12]
Rinse well under running water. [12] Rinsing in a basin can recontaminate hands. [1] Dry with a clean towel or allow to air dry. [12] Wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated. [1] The most commonly missed areas are the thumb, the wrist, the areas between the fingers, and under fingernails.
For individuals with xerostomia, a commercially available mouth rinse that can be safely used daily to aid in dry mouth relief is essential for oral health maintenance. Various commercially available mouth rinses have been tested for their inhibitory effects on biofilm formation over a 24-hour period. [ 3 ]
Neti pots are commonly used and rely on gravity and head position in order to rinse the outer sinus cavities. Typically they have a spout attached near the bottom, sometimes with a handle on the opposite side. [4] Various squeeze bottles for nasal irrigation have also been used to apply the water. [4]
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