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Authentication, in the law of evidence, is the process by which documentary evidence and other physical evidence is proven to be genuine, and not a forgery. Generally, authentication can be shown in one of two ways. First, a witness can testify as to the chain of custody through which the evidence passed from the time of the discovery up until ...
Legal instrument is a legal term of art that is used for any formally executed written document that can be formally attributed to its author, [1] records and formally expresses a legally enforceable act, process, [2] or contractual duty, obligation, or right, [3] and therefore evidences that act, process, or agreement. [4] [5] Examples include ...
[22] [23] This means the proponent of evidence must "produce evidence sufficient to support a finding that the item is what the proponent claims it is." [ 22 ] [ 23 ] For example, if the prosecution in a murder case wishes to present a photograph of the crime scene to the jury, they must verify that the photograph is an accurate representation ...
Documentary evidence is any evidence that is, or can be, introduced at a trial in the form of documents, as distinguished from oral testimony.Documentary evidence is most widely understood to refer to writings on paper (such as an invoice, a contract or a will), but the term can also apply to any media by which information can be preserved, such as photographs; a medium that needs a mechanical ...
A self-authenticating document, under the law of evidence in the United States, is any document that can be admitted into evidence at a trial without proof being submitted to support the claim that the document is what it appears to be. Several categories of documents are deemed to be self-authenticating: Certified copy of public or business ...
A learned treatise, in the law of evidence, is a text that is sufficiently authoritative in its field to be admissible as evidence in a court in support of the contentions made therein.
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Gates Rubber Company v. Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd., et al. [1] is a decision by the U.S. district court for the District of Colorado from May 1, 1996. It is considered a landmark decision [2] in terms of expert witness court testimony in questions of electronic evidence [3] and digital forensics.